Hydraulic turbine



July 11, 1933.

H. S. MESSING HYDRAULIC TURBINE Filed Aug'. 13', 1931 '7 Sheets-Sheet l v n //a f ma A /9 76 (M3 [LL y j :rm /oa /09/ 7U /0/ ,3611. 89 5 la? l K 24 P 2 8 e l 9/ j? HJALMAR sMessmG.

29 www' July 11, 1933 ;H.-fs. MESSING# 1,917,53-

HjfDRAULIc TURBINE y Filed Aug. 13, 1951 7 Sheets-Sinaai'l 2 HJALMAR 5. MESSING Fig. 2

7 sheets-Sheet 5 l July ill9 1933. H. s. MESSING HYDRAULIC 'TUREINE AFned Aug. 15, 1931 1 HJALMAR s. MESSING July 11, 1933. H. s. MESSING 1,917,538

' HYDRAULIC TURBINE Filed Aug. 13 1931 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 V v I July 11, 1933.

H. s'. MESSING HYDRAULIC TURBINE 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 'FledvAugZ 13, 1931 July 11, 1933. H. S. MESSING HYDRAULIC TURBINE Filed Aug. 15.l 1931 'I sheets-sheet INVENToR HJALMAR S. MESSING AMA@ 3% ATTORNEY i Patented duly l1, 1933 litllED STA-.TES

reunie' EJALMB S. MESSING, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOB, TO B. MORGAN SEITE COMPANY, F YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION 0F PENNSYLVANIA HYDRAULIC TURBINE .ippiicatien med August is, ical. seriai no. 556,797.

improved turbine in which means are pro-` vided by which the operating mechanism for the runner blades is actuated by the wicket gates or guide vanes controlling means, so that when the gates are adjusted, the relative position of the blades will also be correspondingly adjusted and thereby maintain a delinite re ationship between the angle or position of the. gates and the angle or position ci the runner blades at all times.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved turbine of the above type in which novel and eective' means are provided for actuating the runner blades to adjust the angle thereof or the areas of the waterpassages between them while. the turbine is in operation.

flnother object of the invention is to pro-- vide an improved turbine of the above type in which `ineens are provided *for utilizing power from the revolving runner shaft for operating the adjusting mechanism ot the runner blades.

Another object ci the invention is to provide an improved turbine of the above type in which means are provided or controlling the operation oitJ the runner blade adjusting means, either manually Vor automaticall according to the angle and opening o the Trichet gates. s v

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved turbine of the character mentioned, which is simple in construction and reliable and exact in function under allconditions of service.

The invention also comprises certain new and useful improvements in the construction,

- arrangement and combination of the several y parts of which itis composed, as will be hereinafter'morefully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings i Figure l. is a side elevation, partly in section, of a turbine employing a runner of the adjustable blade type and embodying blade adjusting and controlling means according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on an enlarged scale of a portion of the runner shaft, show-V inthe runner blade adjusting means; l

ig. 3 is an enlarged lower end 'of the runner shaft, showing the construction of the parts within the hub of the runner; y

Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2; e

Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation, partly in section. showing the actuating means for the runner blade mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section taken on the line 6-6 or Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a detail vertical section taken on the line 7 3? oi Fig. t;

Fig. 8 is a horizontal section taken on'the `line 8f-8 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of the electrical controlling system shown in Fig. l; Eig. l0 isa diagrammatic view of a modiiieg form of electrical controlling means; an

Fig. ll is `a diagrammatic view of-another embodiment of electrical means for automatically maintaining the runner blades in angular positions corresponding with those of the gates during the running of the turbine.

The present invention is applicable to turbine installations oi the encral class employing'a runner having ladesy or buckets which are rotatable or adi ustable so that their angle is variable with respect to the runner axis. A turbine or this type is shown and described in United States Letters Patent No. 1,467 672 granted September ll, 1923 to Victor aplan. While in the instant case, the invention is shown applied to a turbine installation of one particular type, it will be understood that the invention ,is not restricted thereto, since the invention isv applicable to turbine installations oi other types.

Referring the drawings: and especially to Fig. l, the turbine com rises a -casing ll which forms a periphera-, 'water inlet-invertical section of theA which are mounted an annular series of wicket gates or guide vanes 12. Projecting from Vthe lower ends of the wicket gates ory stems being journalled in suitable bearings carried by the casing 11 and terminating a suitable distance thereabove.

The wicket gates or guide vanes 12 are adapted to be rotated simultaneousl into different angular positions to contro the flow of water into the turbine in the usual manner, and for this purpose the upper ends of the stems 14 are usually provided with gate operating arms 15 which are fixed to said stems and connected by links to a gate adjusting ring 16.

The gate adjusting ring 16 is connected by link means 17 to a shaft 18. Fixed to the upper end of the shaft 18, is an arm 19 which is connected by links 2() to the controlling member of a governor 21. If so desired, the governor may be of the usual type employed with turbines to adjust the gates thereof during the running of the turbine and thereby maintain the turbine at its rated speed notwithstanding variations in the load thereon.

The' lower portion of the turbine casing forms an axially directed chamber 22 in which the runner 23 operates. rlhe hub of -the runner 23 is fixed to the lower end of a hollow or tubular shaft 24 which is journalled in a suitable bearing 25 in the upper portion y of the turbinecasing. The upper end ofthe runner shaft 24 is connected to the part to be driven. In the present instance, the shaft 24 isdirectly connected to an electrical generator 26 which is mounted in superposed position above the turbine.

Any suitable type of setting may be used 'for the turbine installation, a concrete settin 27 being shown in the present instance. Th1s setting forms a scroll case 28 which surrounds the turbine inlet and is connected to receive water from a flume or other source of supply. The portion of the setting below the 'turbine forms a draft tube 29 into which the water is discharged from the runner. The electrical generator 26 may rest on the top of the setting as shown.

As shown in Fig. 3, the hub of the runner 23 is bolted or otherwise `fixed to the lower end of the runner shaft 24.

A. suitable number of blades 36 are rotatably supported in the hub of the runner 23 and project radially therefrom. the present instance four blades are fece also Fig. 1).

The inner end of each blade is fermed with a trunnion which l in bearings 32 and 33 supported in i eh construction is such the tions of the blades govern the area o the 'a series of radially disposed plungers 46.

tatable. into dierentangular relationships with the axis of the runner.

Means are provided for simultaneously rotating all of the blades 30 and for malntaining t em in equal angular relationship, such means comprising preferably an arm 34 rigidly lixed on the trunnionl 31 of each blade and links 35 which ivotally connect the arms on the different b ades to a crosshead 36. The crosshead 36 is guided to reciprocate in a direction axially of the runner by guide pins 37 which are mounted in the hub of the runner in the manner shown in Fig. 3.

It will be understood that the relative osico water passages or openings between the blades, and that when the blades are rotated the area of the water passages is increased or diminished depending upon the direction in which the blades are moved.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, a ca 91 is bolted or otherwise removably secure to the lower end of the hub of the runner 23. Since the runner hub is otherwise enclosed and the hub is hollow, the cap 91 provides a closed to chamber or reservoir for containing a supply of grease for the lubrication of the various working parts of themechanism contained within the hub of the runner.

The crosshead 36 is bolted or otherwise 95 fixed to the lower end of an operating rod 38 which extends upwardly through the hollow runner shaft As shown in Fig. 2,? the upper end of the rod 38 is provided with an internally threaded sleeve 39 into which is fitted a screw 40. The screw 40 which is formed with a bore axially thereof, is connected to the driven member of a speed reducer 41 contained within the runner shaft 24.

Speed reducers of dilerentkinds may be used, that shown being of the type shown and described in United States Letters Patent No. 1,543,791 granted June 30, 1925, to W. C. Pitter.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 4 the speed reducer comprises a driving member in the form of a shaft 42, and a driven member 43 having a hub to which the screw 40 is fixed. The driving member or shaft 42 has an eccentric 44 thereon which supports a ball bearlng or other antifriction bearing 45.

As shown in Fig. 4, the outer member or rece of the ball bearing 45 is surrounded by The inner ends of the plungers 46 bear on the oumr rece of the bearing 45 and the ouf' ends of said plungers are arranged to ete with teeth e7 formed concentrically within the outer or stationary casing member 48 which is keyed or otherwise tired within runner Both ends of the piangere are beveled and the teeth 47 are bevecu. The number of teeth 47 difers from the number ory plungers so that rotetion 'oi pusi ner shaft 24.

the eccentric d will cause the plungers 4:6 to be forced outwardly in succemion around the circular series ci teeth 47 and in consequence will' cause the plungers to cree around within the stationary casing mem r d6.

The plungers 46 are guided to reciprocate in a, member 49 which is fixed to the driven member 43 by pins 50 so that the creepin motion of said plungers around the toothe interior of the stationary member d8 will be transmitted to the driven member d3. The motion of the driving member d2 is thus transmitted to the driven member d3, but at a great reduction in speed ratio.

The pins 50 may also secure the head 51 of the speed reducer to the driven member 4.3 thereoi, as shown in Fig. 2. The driven member 43 and the head 51 rovide bearings in which the driving mem r or shaft 42 revolves.

rlhe speed reducer may be rotatably mounted within a hollow portion or chamber 52 formed within the runner shaft 2A, by thrust bearings 53 and 54 of any suitable kind.

'lhe speed reducer is actuated to edect changes in theangular positions oi the runner blades by means winch, accordln to the present invention, receives its motion and power from the revolving runner shaft 24, such means being preferably in the form of a reversible roller, friction drive.

As shown'in 2, 5, 6 and 8, the iriction drive comprises a series oiD riction rollers 55 which project radially trom and are carried in a circular path by the rotation ci the run- 'lhe friction rollers 55 are associatedwith a pair oi tracks 56 and 57, one or the other of which is adapted to cooperate with said rollers and to thereby revolve them in one or the other direction.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 8, the rollers 55 are a bevel gear 6i which is connected to the driving member or sha-it i2 ci the speed reducer.

The traclrs 56 and 57 are beveled to contorni with the beveled ijaces or circumierences ci the friction rollers 55. These trachs are carried on or formed as a part or a drame which, as shown in Fig. 2, comprises apair ci spaced annular plates 62 and 63, which are rigidly connected by intervening webs 6d. iii so desired the webs 6d may be mede integral with 7 the plates.

The plates 62 and 63 are spaced apart suil outwardly `from 'the bearings of the roller carrying shafts in the manner shown in Fig. 2, so that any oilwhich might escape from the bearings will be directed towards openings 66 formed in the lbottom plate 63. Preierably the frame is enclosed by a sheet metal side wall 67 which may be secured to the top and bottom plates 62 and 63 .in any suitable manner.

rllhe frame carrying the tracks 56 and 57 is supported by a plurality of rods or bolts 68 which are suspended from brackets' 69 fixed on the outer side ofa tubular housing 70.

'The housing 7 0 encloses the upper portion of the runner shaft 24, as shown in Figs. l and 5, and in turn is suspended from a support 71 mounted in the setting.

The lower portions of the rods or bolts 68 extend loosely through openings 72 in the-top plate 62, as shown in Fig. 5.

@oiled springs 7 3 and 74' encirclethe` rods 68 above and below the top plate 62 andbear "i against theupper and lower sides thereof.

The opposing actions of the upper and lower springs are so adjusted. that normally the springs wlll ysupport the frame in a, position where the'tracks 56 and 57 are out of Contact with and 4are spacedequidistantly above and below the friction rollers 55 as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. When the parts are so disposed, the friction drive is in a neutral-0r non-operative position. rlhe lyield of the springs 76 and 74, however, will permit the frame to be lowered or raised and thus bring the track 56 o r the traclr'? into engagement with the irictionrollers 55 while the frame is held against rotation, so that the rollers 55, as they are carried around with the runner shaft 2d, will be caused to revolve, in one direction or the other on their own axis.

Rotation of the'irame 'carrying the *friction tracks 56 and 57 is prevented by the rods or bolts 68. However, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, pins 75 may be employed to prevent movement of the frame relative to the housing 70.

yllhe pins 75 are carried by brackets 76 which are iixed-to the housing 70, and `said pins are arranged to project into the 'holes 77 formed in the top plate 62. With this construction vertical movement oir. the frame can rying the tracks 56 and 57 relative to the stationary housing 70 is permitted.

i to the opposite sides of said housing (see Fig. 6).

The side members or arms 78 are rigidly connected by cross members 81, 82 and 83, so that said members can swing i'n unison about the pivots provided by the pins 79.

As shown in Figs. 2, 5 and 6, the side members or arms 78 are operatively connected to the top plate 62 of the track frame by rods 84. The upper ends of the rods 84 are pivotally connected to the arms 78 by pivot pins 85. The lower portions of the rods 84 extend loosely through guide holes 86 in the plate 62.

Coiled springs 87 and 88 encircle each of the rods 84 above and below the plate 62 and A bear respectively on the upper and lower sides thereof.

Rocking of the arms 78 verticali about the pivots 7 9 'will reciprocate there s 84 vertically and said rods will, through 'the action of the springs 87 and 88, transmit vertical movements to the track frame, theframe being raised or lowered to bring one or the other of the friction tracks 56 and 57 thereon into engagement with the friction rollers 55, according to the direction in which the arms 78 are rocked.

The rods 84 are preferably arranged to engage the top plate 62 at diametrically opposite sides thereof so that the weight of the track frame will be balanced. In this way the track frame will tend to hang in a level position with the tracks56 and 57 spaced equidistantly around their circumferences from the friction rollers 55, when the frame is in its neutral osition. Furthermore, the

diametrical location of the rods 84 with respect to the track frame will cause the downward or upward pressure applied to the frame to bring the track 56 or 57 into engagement with the friction rollers 55, when the arms 78 are rocked in one direction or the other, to be applied uniformly around the circumference of the track.

rEhe rocker frame and the parts connected thereto are preferably counterbalanced by a counterweignt 89, which is mounted between the arms 78 and supported by the cross bar 81.

As shown in Figs. l, 2 and 6, a restoring rod 90 is fixed its lower end to the upper end of the operating rod 38 and extends upi wardly through the hollow screw 40, reduc# ing gear 4i, the upper portion oit the runner shaft 24, and the generator shaft, to the top of the generator 26, for a purpose to be hereinafter more fully described.

In operation, the bevel gear 61 will driven 1n one direction orthe other, dependin upon whether the track 56 orthe track 57 is rought into engagement with the friction rollers 55. The motion of the gear 61 will be transmitted through the speed reducerto the screw and the latter rotating at greatly reduced speed within the threaded sleevey 39, will raise or lower the operating rod 38 and said rod will correspondingly. raise or lower the cross head 36. The cross head acting through the links and arms hereinbefore described will simultaneously rotate the runner blades 30 about their trunnions as axes toward closed or open position or into any desired intermediate position. For example, the runner blades are moved toward closed position when the friction rollers are engaged by the track 56 and are moved toward open position when the friction rollers 55 are engaged by the track 57. The runner blades maintain a set position or angle or opening while both of the tracks are out of engagement with the friction rollers.

As shown in Fig. 2, means are provided for indicating visuall the position or angle of opening occupied by the runner blades. The runner blade operatin rod 38 is provided with a pin 92 which 1s movable vertically therewith. The pin 92 extends through a diametrical slot 93 formed in the runner shaft 24, and the outer ends of said pin are connected to a sleeve 94 which is slidably mounted on the runner shaft 24A. The sleeve 94 is formed with an annular flange 95, which is tapered outwardly so as to have a thin periphery.

A suitable graduated dial or scale 96 is i supported in a stationary position by means of a rod 97 which depends from, and is carried by, the bottom plate 63 of the track frame of the friction driving mechanism.

The scale 96 lhas formed thereon a series of moves upwardly or downwardly under the 1 action of the screw 40 when the runner blades are. adjusted, the flange 95 will move vertically in correspondence therewith and thusv 4 serve as a pointer for indicating the position occupied by the runner blades at an while the turbine is running. in this way an attendant is'assisted in adgusting the runner blades to any desired angle.

time

The rocker arms 78 may be operated in different ways in order tc adjust the angle degree of opening of the runner blades conform with the angle or opening ont the gates which control the admissien of water :te the turbine. bviously, 4the .rocker arms im be operated for this purpose hand or other v pcwelt applied to the free ends thereof.

gemeen In the present embodiment of the inven tion, electrically operated means are employed for controllin- K the friction drive mechanism, thus enab 1u the runner blades g, to adjusted automatica y when the wicket gates are adjusted.

. As shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 9 a pair oilsolenoids 99 and 100 are provided. These solenoids are mounted on a stationary support ro 101 which may be an extension' of the stationary support 71. The armature or cores of the solenoids 99 and 100`are operatively connected to the cross members 82 and 83 respectively, which connect the rocker arms Elli S. r1`he solenoid 99 is ci a constructionwhich will cause it to pull its armature or core upwardly when the solenoid is energized, and thereby swing the rocker arms 78 upwardly about their center or iaulcrum as provided by the pivots 79. rllhis action wiln bring the track 57 into operative engagement with the friction rollers 55.

7lhe solenoid 100 is oi a construction which 95 will cause it to push its armature or core downwardly when the solenoid is energized, and thereby swing the rocker arms 78 downwardly about their pivotal center or llcrum. rlhis action wiil bring the track into op- 3@ erative engagement with the friction rollers ln this way, when the solenoid 99 is energized the parts will be operated so as to n cause the runner blades to be turned in one a direction, and when the solenoid 100 is enerized the runner bladeswill be turned in the lip osite direction.

y the present invention means are provided which cooperate with the solenoids 99 4@ and 100 so as to effect the adjustment of the runner blades to conform with diderent,

tems similar to those disclosed in `United States Letters Patents No. 1 576,189 grantli@ ed March 9, 1926, to E. M. ewlett, et. al.

and No. 1 612,120 granted December 28,1920,

to L. E. ilderbrand, to which reierence may be had for a detailed description of the con Fm struction and mode ci operation ot such sysw tenis.

mrr"windingsclieing on the stator and the other Awinding on the'rotor of the respective deare excited ironia.

e phase alternating vices.

The field windings suitable source of (Sing link with their respective armature windings.` The like points of the polycircuit armature windingsare electrically connected w so that a change in the angular position o the rotor of one device will set up unbalanced voltages in the armature windings in consequence of which a torque is developed which acts to bring the rotors ci? the different devices into the same or corresponding angular positions.

As shown in Fig. 9, the restoring rod 90, which is connected to the runner blades, is operatively connected by an arm 104; to the rotor of the transmitter 102.

The transmitter 102 has a three phase delta connected armature winding 105 and iield winding 106. @ne terminal or" the held winding 106 is connected to a conductor 108 and the other terminal of the field winding 100 is connected to a conductor 109. The conductors 108 and 109 constitute a main power line for supplying single phase alternating.

one terminal of which being connected to the conductor 108, and he other terminal of lwhich is connected tov the conductor 109, so

thatd the field Awinding of the receiver is excite ,f

The link 20 of the governor 21 is connected by a link 116 to the operating lever 117 of a switch member 118 mounted rotatably on the shaft of the rotor of the receiver 103.

rl`he switch member 118 has a contact which y is disposed in spaced relation between the contacts of a pair of switch members 119 and 120 carried by the rotor of the receiver, so that the, switch member 118 may swing into engagement with vone orthe other of the nic switch members 119 and 120 to make electrisupplied to the solenoids 99 and 100, said de vice comprising two switch members 126 and 127, which are operated respectively by ,re-

. f lay coils 128 and 129. lt -is deemedsuiliclent to set forth that such The switch member 119 is connected by a conductor 122 to one terminal of the relay coil 128, and the'switch member 120 isl connected by a conductor 123 to one terminal or the relay coil 129, the switch member 118 being connected to the other terminals oi said relay coils by a conductor 121.

The relay coils 128 and 129 are adapted to be energized by low .voltage electric current as supplied from -a storage battery coni nected to the conductor 121. This constitutes nal of the solenoid 99 by a conductor 133, and

the contact 132 is connected to one terminal f of the solenoid 100 by a conductor 134. The

contact 131 is connected to the main line high voltage conductor 108 by a conductor 135, and the other main line high voltage conductor 109 is connected to the otherterminals of the solenoids 99 and 100 by a conductor 136.'

In operation, when the governor 21' operates to swing the wicket gates toward open or closed position to vary the gate opening to conform with the variations in the load on the turbine, the link 2O will operate through the link 116 and the lever 117, to swing the movable switch member 118 against either of the switch members 119 or 120, acn cording to the direction in which the governor operates, thereby making an electrical contact between the switch members 113 and 119, or between the switch members 118 and 120, as the case maybe.v

rlhe electrical Contact of the switch meinbers 118 and 119 or 120 closes the low voltage circuit of the pilot device 124, through the conductors 121, 122 or 123 respectively, so

' that either the relay coil 128 or the relay coil f the solenoid'99 from conductor 108, through 'i conductor 135, contacts 131, 126, and 130,

conductor 133 to 'one terminal of the solenoid 99, thence through the coil of the sole noid, and from the other terminal of said solenoid through the conductor 136 to the conductor 109.

When switchunember 127 engages contacts 131 and 132 the circuit is closed from the main line conductor 108, through con-- ductor 135, contacts 131, 127 and 132, conductor 134 to one terminal of the solenoid 99, thence through the coil of the solenoid, 'and from the other terminal of said solenoid the rocker arms 78 will-be swung upwardly y rthrough the conductor 136 to the conductor 109, so that the solenoid 100 is energized. When the solenoid 99 or 100 is energized,

or downwardly respectively and set the frictiorrroller mechanism into operation to roftate the screw 40 and thereby` rotate the runr'ner'blades toward pen or closed position 6 y 1,917,5ss

to conform with the position into which the gates have been shifted.

Since the restoring rod 90 is connected"to\" the runner blade adjusting means and moves downwardly or upwardl blades are moving toward, open or closed osition respectively, and the restoring ro is connected by the arm 104 tothe rotorof the transmitting device 102, the rotor'of said transmitting device will begin to rotate as soon as the change in angle or position of the runner' blades Icommences. The rotation of the rotor of the transmitting device 102 is transmitted to the rotor of the receivin device 103, under the inuence of the vo tages in the interlinked rotor windings tending to bring the rotors into .angular agreement, so that the rotor of the receiving device 103 is rotated to a position corresponding to that into which the rotor of the transmitting device 102 has been rotated. This action of the rotor of the receiving device 103 causes the switch member 118 to be moved away from the switch member 119 or 120 with which it is in Contact, so that the circuit through which the solenoid 99 or 100 is energized, is opened and such solenoid is dee-energized.

When either solenoid is de-energized the arms 73 will be moved to a position in which the operation of the roller friction mechanism is interrupted. rEhe runner blades will then have been brought into a position corresponding to the position of the gates. The parts ywill then remain so positioned relative to each other until the gates are again operated, whereupon a runner blade adjusting operation similar to that just described will again take place to automatically move the runner blades into proper position with respect to the position assumed by the gates.

rlhe springs 87 and 88 which l wer and raise the friction tracks 56 and 5 are of such strength as to allow the solenoids 99 and 100 to complete their full strokes and to press the tracks against the friction rol]- ers with the necessary force to eiect rotation of the rollers, without requiring an absolutely exact relationship between the extreme positions vof the solenoids and the operative positions of the tracks. The springs 87 and 88 are preferably larger or of greater while the runner strength than the springs 73 and 74 which The symmetrical arrangement' of the friction rollers about the axis of the runner shaft A normen 2 1 balances them and thereby avoids objectionabie vibration, this being' especially desiraloie in instailations Where the runner revolves at high' speed.

1n some installations-Voi the turbine the governor 21 may be connected with an eiectrice-l indicatingo device which is located at a point remote from the turbine, such for inst-ence as in the oiiice or control rooni ci the hydro-electric station. When this is the case it is desirable thatthe runner blades .single phase iti-eid Winding and polycircuit armature Winding, one oi these windings being on the stator and the other windingD on the rotor ci the respective devices. The field windings are excited from a suitebie source ci single pilaseaiternating current and thereby set up ieids which interiinirvvitli their respective armature windings. The iiize points of tile poiycircuit armature windin sare electricnily connected so that a. change 1n angular position oi tiie rotor oi one device vviii set up unbalanced voltages in the armature Winding, in consequence of which e I torque is developed Kwhich acts to lering the rotors I the dierent devices into the vsame l or corresponding angular positions.

@The transmitter 139 has a three-phase delta connected armature Winding 141 and a iield Winding 142. @ne terminai of the iield winding 1@ is connectedto e main iine condoctor 143, ty econductor 144, and the other terminai ci said field winding is'connected to the other main line conductor 145 by a eating device 13?.

conductor 11%. The rotor of the transmitter 139 is connected by a lever 147 to the link 116 l heretofore described., which is connected to the link ci the governor 21, so thatany movement of the governor will result in a corresponding movement being imparted to the rotor of tlie transmitter 139.

Tile conductors-143 and 145 supply singie phase aiterncting current to the apparatus `from e suitable source oi supply, so that the eid Winding 142 is excited. Y

The dierent phase points of the armature windings1d1 oitiie transmitter 1319 ere iniA terconnected by conductors 148, 149 and 15@ to the like piiase. points of the three-phase armature windings 151 oi The indicating device; 13'? iras a single the electricai indi phase deld Winding 152, one terminal oi Y.

'which is connected to the niain line conductor 143 by a conductor 153, and tlie other terminal oi whichv is connected to the other main line conductor by a conductor 154, so that tile eid Winding 152 is excited. The rotor of the indiceting device 137 is adapted to actuete an indicatingV hand or pointer 155, which cooperates with a suitably graduated scale for indicating the relative position oi tire wicket gates. The pointer 155 responds to changes in the angular position oi the Wicket gates owing to the transmission of equal angular inotion to the rotor of the indicating device 13'? troni the rotor ofthe transmitter. 139.

The transmitter 141() has etiiree-Lnhese delito,`

connected ernonture Winding 156 and a .field Winding 15?'. @ne terminal of the eld Winding 15'? is connected to the main iine conductor 14131050 n conductor 158, and the other terminal oi seid iield Winding is connected to the main iine conductor 145 by a conductor ii, so that the deid Winding 15'? is excite-d. 'Eire rotor oi tiietransrnitter 1410 is connected Toy en arm 161 to tlie restoring rod 90 heretofore referred to, so that an movement oi? tire restoring rod will resu t in e corresponding movement Tseing imported vto the rotor oi the transmitter 14:0.

The dierent piiesepoints of the arniature windings 156 of the trensniitter 1i() are connected ley conductors 162, 163, andl 161 to tire iilre phase points of the three-phase armature Iwindings 165 orp the electrical indicating device 138.

Tile indicating device 138 iras a single phase field Winding 166, one terminal of which is connected to the niain line conductor v143 by a conductor 167, ond the-other terminal oi' which is connected to the other mein line conductor M5 by a conductor 168, so that the eld Winding 166 is excited.

The rotor oi1 the indicating device 138 is adapted to actuate an indicating hand or pointer 169. which cooperates with a suitable graduated scale Aor indicating the reiotive position ci the runner loledes. The pointer 169 responds to changes in vtire angular posif tion of the runner biades owing to the transmission o equal anguiar niotion to the rotor of the indicating device 138 from the rotor of the trensmitter 110. y

.in this torni oi the invention a manually operated switch device 170 is provided for controiling theeircuits oi the 4solenoids 99 If so do sind 10G heretofore referred to.

ies

sired the switch 1Y0 may be located on the 1 switchboard' or otherwise ioe disposed adje,-

cent to tiie indicating devices 137 andli so as to be convenient for tlie attendant. v Y

.Zie-showinY in Fig. 10, a terminal 171 of then svvitcii 1?@ is connected to the main line condnctor 141:5, ley a, conductor 172. A terminal contact 1.?3 is connected luy aconductor 174 to one terminal of the solenoid 100, and a terminal contact 175 is connected by a conductor 176 to one terminal of the solenoid 99. The other terminals of the solenoids 99 and 100 are connected by a single conductor 177 to the main line conductor 143.

The switch 17 O` has a push button or mov-l able member 178 which is movable into one position to connect the contacts 171 and 173 andmovable into another position to connect the contacts 171 and 17 5.

When the contacts l171 and 173 are connected the circuit is completed from the' main line conductor 143, through conductor 177, windings of the solenoids 100, and thence through conductor 174, contacts 173 and 171 and conductor 172 to the main line conductor 145, so that the solenoid 100 is energized.

When the contacts 171 and 175 are connected, the circuit is completedfrom the main line conductor 143 through conductor 177, windings of the solenoid 99 and thence through conductor 176, contacts 175 and 171 and conductor 172, to the main line conductor 145, so that the solenoid 99 is energized.

, With the energizationod either of the solenoids the friction roller mechanism is operated in the manner hereinbefore described to eil'ect the adjustment of the runner blades.

In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 10, the attendantwhile occupying a position at the power house switchboard or other point remote from the turbine may, by

' appropriately operating the switch- 17 0, set

the runner blade adjusting mechanism into operation in the appropriate direction to maintain the runner blades in proper relationship with the wicket gates.` When the governor 21 operates to change the position of the wicket gates, the movei ment of the link 116 will be transmitted through the lever 147 -to the rotor of the transmitter 139. The rotation ofthe rotor of the transmitter 139 is transmitted to the rotor of the indicating device 137, under the influence of the voltage in the interlinked rotor windings tending to bring the rotors into angular agreement, so that the rotor of the indicating device 137 is rotated to a osition correspondingto that into which t e rotor of the transmitter 139 has been rotated. The position to which the rotor of thel indicating der vice 137 has been moved is indicated on the scale of the indicating instrument by the pointer 155.

A When the positionof the wicket gates has been changed the position of the pointer 169 of the runner blade indicating device 138 will not corresponding with the position of the pointer 155 of the wicket gate indicating d'evice 137, and in order to bring the runner blades into proper relationship with the gates, as` indicated by the respective indicating devices, the switch 170 is operated to normas the rotor of the transmitting device is transmitted to the rotor of-the indicating device 138, under influence of the voltages in the interlinked rotor windings tending to bring the rotors into' angular agreement, so

that the rotor of the indicating device 138 is rotated to a position corresponding to that into which the rotor of the transmitting device 140 has been rotated. This action of the rotor of the indicating device 138 causes the pointer 169 to move over the scale or indicating dial of said device. When the pointer 169 has moved to a position which corresponds with the osition of the pointer of the indicating evice 137 the switchA 170 is operated to open the circuit of the solenoid 99 or 100 so that said solenoids are de-energized. l j

When either solenoid is de-energized 'the runner blade adjusting means will cease to operate as has been heretofore described and theparts will then remain so positioned until the switch 170 is again operated to close a solenoid circuit.

In this; way the runner blades can be vbron ht into a position corresponding to the position of the wicket gates.

Fig. 11 illustratesanother form el the invention, in which means are provided for automatically maintaining the angle or opening of the runner blades in proper lrelationshilplwith; the position of the wicket gates.

this form of the invention, a heating lever is employed. One end of the lever 180 is operatively connected by suitable linkage 181 to the link 116 attached to the gate operating overnor in the manner theretofore'descr'i so that this end of the lever 180 will be raised and lowered incident to the movements of'the gates to vary the angle or opening thereof. Theopposite end of the lever 180 1s operatively connected by linkage 182 to the restoring rod 90 heretofore referred to, so that when one end of the lever 180 is lowered or raised by the opening or closing movement of the wicket gates the other end of said lever will be movedin the opposite direction by the corresponding movement of the runner blades.

The lever 180 carries at a point between its ends, an electrical contact 183, which is disposed between a pair of electrical contacts ductor 193.

184 and 185. The construction is such thatv the lever 180 will have a limited motion between the contacts 184 and 185 before the contact 1.83 engages either of the contacts 184 and 185, so that the contact 183 may occupy a position between and out of engagement with the contacts 184 and 185.

A pilot device 186 is provided for controlling the circuits through which current is,

The relay coils 189 and 19() are adapted to be energized by low-voltage electric current, as supplied from a storage battery 194 connected to the conductor 193.

The switch member 187 is adapted to engage contacts 195 and 196, and the switch member 188 is adapted to engage the contact 196 and a contact 197.

The contact 195 is connected to one `terminal of the solenoid' 100 by a conductor 198, andthe contact 197 is connected to one terminal of the solenoid 99 by a conductor 199. The contact 196 is'connected tothe main line high voltage conductor 200 by a conductor 201, and the other main line high voltage conductor 202 is connected to the other terminals of the solenoids 99 and 100 by a conductor 203.

In operation, when the governor operates to swing the wicket gates toward open or closed position to vary the gate opening to conform with variations in the load on the turbine, the link 116 will operate the iloating lever 180, through the linkage 181, and move the movable contact 183 into engagement with either of the contact members 184 or 185, according to the direction in which the governor operates, thereby closing the electrical circuit through which either the relay coil 189 or 190 is energized by low-voltage current from the storage battery 194. lTWhen the relay coil 189 -is energized, the switch member 187 is engaged with the contacts 195 and 196, and the circuit is closed -through which high voltage current is supplied for energizing the solenoid 100.' When the relay coil 190 is energized, the switch member 188y is engaged with the contacts 196 and 197, and the circuit is closed through which high voltage current is supplied for energizing the solenoid 99. i

With the energization of either of the solenoids the friction roller mechanism is operatedin the manner hereinbefore described to eiect the adjustment of the runner blades.

Since the restoring rod90 is connected by the linkage 182 to the floating lever 180 and moves downwardly or upwardly while the runner blades are moving toward open or closed position respectively, the lever 180 is moved in the direction in which the contact 183 is moved from the contact 184 or 185- with which it is in contact, so that the cir cuit through which the solenoid is energized is opened, and such solenoid is de-energized, thereby permitting the -riction roller drive mechanism-to come to rest in the manner heretofore described. f

In the operation of this form of the invention, the movement of the governor in 'response to a change in load, not only moves the wicket gates toward open or closed position to compensate for the variation in fml load and thereby maintain constant the speed of the turbine but it also acts through the linkage 181 to move the end of the floating lever 180 in a corresponding direction so that the runner blade adjusting mechanism is also operated in the manner .above described.

Since the other end of thelvr 18() is connected to the restoring rod 90 and the restoring rod moves in accordance with the adjustments of the runner blades, the end of the lever 180 connected to the restoring rod through the linkage 182, will be shifted in a direction opposite to that in which its other end is shifted by the gate operating `governor, so that as soon yas the runner blade adjusting mechanism vas commenced to operate in accordance wi h the movement of the gates, the movement applied to one end of the lever 180 by the` restoring rod 90 will counteract the effect of the movement of the opposite end of said lever by the governor.

A Thus, if the governor moves the left hand end of the lever 180 (Fig. 11) upwardly, as for example, in moving the gates toward closed position, this upward movement will take place around theright hand end of said lever as a pivot and will cause engagement of the contact 183 with the contact 184. While the gates are still moving the runner blades start to move through the operation of the runner blade adjusting mechanism, and the right hand end of the lever 180 will have a downward motion around the left hand end of the lever as a pivot. The opposite motions thus imparted to the opposite ends of the lever 180 counteract the e'ect of the motion of the left hand end of the 1ever on the switch contacts. The movement of the left hand end of the lever 180 is definitely limited by the governor, but the opposite end of the lever will continue to move as long as the contact 183 is in engagement with the contact 184. Therefore, the right hand end of the lever 180 will continue its downward motion until the switch contact 183 isV in disengaged position between the contacts 184 and 185. The soleno1d l100 izo which was energized is then de-ener ized, so that the operation of the runner bla e adjusting mechanismwill be interrupted. The runner blades will then have been brought to` an angle or opening corresponding with that into which the gates have been brought by the overnor.

T e operation is similar when the` governor moves the gates toward open position, the ends of the lever 180, however, being then moved b the governor and restoring rod in directions opposite to those stated above and the runner blade adjusting mechanism being set into operation to move the runner blades toward open position by the solenoid 99 under control of the contact 185.

The present invention as hereinbetore described provides novel and improved means whereby the adjustable runner blades of a hydraulic turbine may be opened or closed to conform 'with the opening or closing of the ,wicket gates by the usual governor, to maintain thev speed of the turbine constant under increases or decreases in load, so that the runner blades may always occupy an an le or position which corresponds with a denite position of the wicket gates as determined by the output of the turbine.

In using the runner blade angle indicator 138 and the wicket gate angle indicator 137 shown in F ig. 10, the proper positions of the runner blades for the various positions that may be assumed by the gates under the action of the governor will be indicated on the dials of these indicators as a visual guide, so that an attendant may know how the runner blades should be adjusted to bring them into proper relationship with the gates, butv in the automatic runner blade adjusting system shown in Figs. 9 and 11, the connections between the governor and the restoring rod and the switch and its control means are so proportioned as to always maintain automatically the vproper relationship between the angle or opening of the gates and the angle or opening of the runner blades to obtain the best efciency throughout the range of output.

It will be obvious that the runner blade angle indicator 138 shown in Fig. 10 may be used without the gate angle indicator if desired, and either or both of such indicators may be used in addition to or combined with the forms oit the invention shown in-Figs. 9 and 11.

In somecases it may be of advantage to reduce the weight of the runner shaft, and in my copending application Serial No. 556,7 98 now Patent No. 1,892,404 of December 27, 1932, I have shown the threaded sleeve 39, screw 40 and speed reducer 41 located within the hub of the runner in proximity to the -crcss head 36..

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a hydraulic turbine of the character described, the combination with a. runner having blades movable into different angular positions, of blade adjusting means comprising friction rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes,

and a pair of non-rotating tracks, located at opposite sides of said rollers said tracks being spaced from the rollers when the blade adjusting means is inoperative and belng movable axially of the runner to respectively cooperate with said rollers to cause them to rotate on their axes in either direction.

2. In a hydraulic turbine of the character described, the combination with a runner having blades movable into different angular positions, of blade adjusting means comprising a series of rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, a housing having a pair of opposed tracks between which the series of rollers travel, the housing being movable to bring one or the other of said tracks into engagement with the series of rollers to cause rotation thereof in either direction' about their axes, and means for normally holdingthe housing in a neutral position with both of the tracks thereon out of engagement with said series of rollers.

3. In a hydraulic turbine of the character described, the combination with a runner having blades movable into different angular positions, of blade adjusting means comprising a series of rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, a pair of opposed tracks between which the rollers travel, said tracks' being movable into engagement with the rollers to cause rotation thereof in either direction about their axes, and means for normally holding the tracks out of engagement with the rollers.

4f. In a hydraulic turbine of the character described, the combination with a runner having blades movable into different an ular positions, of blade adjusting mechanism comprising a part movable into either of 'two positions to adjust the runner blades in one or the other direction, springs normally holding said movable part intermediate of said runner blade adjusting positions, a reciprolli' catory controlling member, springs interposed between said controlling member and said movable part of the blade adjusting mechanism for transmitting motion from the controlling member to the blade adjusting mechanism and for setting the latter into operation to adjust the runner blades, and solenolds connected to said controlling member for operating it.

5. In a turbine of the character described, the combination with a runner and its shaft, said runner having adjustable blades, of friction means carried by the runner shaft for adtion with a runner having blades movable justing the position of the blades, said friction means including a series of rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, and a pair of opposed tracks between which the rollerstravel, said tracks being movable into engagement with the rollers to cause rotation thereof in either direction about their axes.

6. In a turbine of the character described, the combination with a runner and its shaft, said runner having adjustable blades, of means carried by the runner shaft for adj listing the position of the blades. said means including aseries of rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their` own axes,

and a pair of opposed tracks between which the rollers travel, said tracks being normally disposed out of engagement with the rollers,

and means for moving the tracks into engagement with the rollers to cause rotation of the A rollers in either direction.

7. In a hydraulic turbine of the character described, the combination with a runner having blades movable toward open and closed positions, of blade adjusting mechanism embodying rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, and a. controlling member having opposed tracks between which Said rollers travel, said tracks being movable axially of the turbine in opposite directions to operatively engage said rollers.

8. In a turbine, the combination with a runner having rotatably adjustable blades, of friction means for moving the blades into different angular positions, said friction means including rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, and a pair of opposed tracks between which the rollers travel said tracks being normally disposed out of engagement with said rollers, and electrically controlled means for operatively positioning the tracks with said rollers.

9. In a hydraulic turbine, the combination with a runner having blades movable into different angular positions, of adjusting mechanism for the blades comprising a plurality ot rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, a pair of opposed tracks movable in opposite directions for engaging said rollers, and electro-magnetic devices for moving said tracks into operative position with said rollers.

10. In a hydraulic turbine, 1the combinainto different angular positions, of blade adjusting mechanism operative to move the blades in either direction, said blade adjusting mechanism including a plurality of rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes and a pair of opposed tracks movable in opposite directions for engaging said rollers, means yieldingly supporting said tracks, and solenoids connected to said track supporting means for operating the same.

11. In a hydraulic turbine, the combination with a runner having blades movable into different angular positions, and gates movable into different angular positions and controlling the flow of the driving fluid to the runner, of mechanism for adjusting thev angular positions of the runner blades, said mechanismcomprising a plurality of rollers rotat able with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, a pair of opposed tracks movable in either direction for engaging said rollers, electro-magnetic means for controlling .the operation of said blade adjusting mechanism, and switch means controlled according to the relative positions occupied by the gates and runner blades for controlling the operation of said electro-magnetic means.

l2. In a hydraulick turbine, the combination with a runner having blades movable into diderent an ilar positions, and gates movable into di erent angular positions and controlling the How of the driving fluid to the runner, of mechanism for adjusting the angular posit-ions of the. runner blades, said mechanism comprising a plurality of rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, a pair of opposed tracks movable in either direction jtor engaging said rollers, electro-magnetic means for controlling the operation of said blade adjusting mechanism, switch means for controlling the operation of said electro-magnetic means, and self-synchronous motors connected to the runner blades and gates respectively and controllin the operation of said switch means.

13. n a hydraulic turbine, the combination with a runner having blades movable into dil'erent angular positions, and gates movable into different, angular positions and controlling the iow of the driving fluid. to the runner, o mechanism for adjusting the angular positions of the runner blades, said mechanism comprising a plurality of rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, a pair of opposed tracks movable in both directions Jfor engaging said rollers, electro-magnetic means for controlling the operation of saidblade adjusting mechanism, switch means for controlling the operation of said electro-magnetic means, and a lever connected to the' runner blades and gates and controlling the operation of said switch means.

14. In a hydraulic turbine, the combination with a runner havin blades movable into different angular positions, and gates movable into dierent angular positions and controlling the flow of the driving fluidv to the runner, of mechanism for adjusting the angular positions of the runner blades, said mechanism comprising aplurality of rollers rotatable with the runner and also rotatable on their own axes, a pair of opposed tracks l movable into different angular positions and controlling the flow ot' driving fluid to the runner, o? friction lneans for moving the blades into different positions, said friction means including a plurality of rollers rotatable with the runner' and also rotatable on their own axes, a pair of o posed tracks movable into engagement wit said rollers for effecting rotation thereof in both directions, means operatively connecting the roll- A ers with the runner blades, electrical means for indicating the angular positions of the runner blades and gates, and electrical means controlling the operation of said friction means, both of said electrical means being 430 synchronized with each other.

16. The combination with a runner having blades movable into different angular positions, and gates movable into dili'erent angular positions and controlling lthe flow of driving fluid to the runner, of meansV operative by the rotatino` motion of the runner for moving the bla es into dillerent positions, said means including rollers operatively connected with said runnerblades and a 40 pair of opposed tracks movable in either direction for engaging said rollers, electrically operated means for indicating the respective angular positions of the runner blades and gates, and means associated with said indicating means for controlling the operation of said blade adjusting means.

17. The combination with a runner having blades movable into different angular positions, and gates movable into different angular positions and controlling the How of driving fluid to the runner, of means operative by the rotating motion of the runner for moving the blades into different positions, said means includingrollers operatively connected with said runner blades and blade adjusting means, and electrical means operativel connected to said runner blades for contro ling the operation of said indicating means and said blade adjusting means. 18. The combination with a runner havin blades movable into different angular posltions, and gates movable into different angular positions and controlling the flow of driving fluid to the runner, of means formoving the blades into different positions, means for moving the gates to different positions, electrically operated means for indicating the angular positions of the runner blades, electrically operated means for indicating the angular positions of the gates, electricall operated means electrically connected withI said indicating means for controlling the operation of said blade adjusting means, electrical meansoperative by a change in position of the runner blades for controlling the operation of said electrically operated means,

and electrical means operative by a change in position of the gates for controlling the operation of said electrically operated means.

19. The combination with a runner having blades movable into different angular positions, and gates movable into different angular positions and controlling the flow of driving fluid to the runner, of means for moving the runner blades into different positions, means for i moving the gates to different positions, separate electrically operated means for indicating the angular positions of the runner blades and the gates respectively, electrically operated means electrically connected with said indicating means for controlling the operation of said blade adjusting means, a transmitting device operative by a change in position of the runner blades for controlling the operation of said electrically operated means, and a transmitting device operative by a change in position of the gates for controlling the operation of said electrically operated means.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set. my hand.

HJALMAR s. MESSING. 

